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Shoplifting 101
Posted by admin“Accidental” stealing
In “Accidental” stealing, a thief takes his place in the queue with the items he intends to steal, and pays for only one of those items while holding what he intends to steal in full view to cause confusion (or places said items into his pockets), while avoiding suspicion due to his apparent intention of payment. In the event of being caught, the thief can simply pass off the attempt at stealing as accidental. This method is also referred to as “left handing,” a reference to the stolen item being held in the left hand while payment is made with the right.
Baby stroller boxes
This scam involves the use of baby stroller boxes, which tend to be quite large in size. A would-be shoplifter removes the stroller from the box and proceeds to conceal a large amount of merchandise inside. He then reseals the box and takes it to a checkout aisle, where he pays the purchase price for the stroller. If the scam is successful the shoplifter leaves the retailer’s premises with the concealed merchandise.
Bagging, Simple
The Simple bagging tactic is when a shoplifter surreptitiously hides an item inside a bag that they have brought into the store (for example, a shopping bag from another store or a purse).
Bag switching
Bag switching methods are generally attempted by a pair of shoplifters. Typically the first shoplifter will have a large bag and gather a large amount of merchandise quickly to attract the attention of a Loss Prevention Investigator. Once the first shoplifter knows that he is being followed he will conceal the merchandise in the bag. The first shoplifter will then switch his bag with the second shoplifter, who usually has a matching bag that is already filled with items that don’t belong to the retailer. Often the Loss Prevention Investigator will miss the switch and arrest the first shoplifter. Subsequently, the first shoplifter may claim false arrest and receive a gift card from the retailer in recompense.
Barcode counterfeiting
In barcode counterfeiting the shoplifter will bring in pre-made barcodes from low value items. These are then applied over the barcodes on higher value items. This allows the shoplifter to go through the checkout process, make a payment, have any security tags deactivated by the clerk and walk out without arousing suspicion. The shoplifter might be working in collaboration with the checkout clerk to ensure the incorrect prices go unnoticed.
Barcode switching
This is when a shoplifter switches the tags/barcodes between two pieces of merchandise, most likely putting the cheaper tag on the product they wish to obtain.
Booster boxes (bag)
A booster box is a device that allows a shoplifter to conceal a large quantity of merchandise on his person. These boxes are lined with metal or some other material to prevent security tags from setting off the security gate alarm at the exit. Typically, professional shoplifters of large girth most commonly attempt this scam. The use of a booster box is most prevalent at clothing retailers because clothing merchandise can be easily molded to fit inside the box. It is not unknown, however, for professional shoplifters to attempt to use booster boxes to conceal electronics and DVDs.
Copper finger
A shoplifter may tape some copper foil to his finger and walk out of the establishment with the finger pressed over the RFID tag on an item in his hand. This will disrupt the signal so no alarm sounds when he leaves the building. If caught, the shoplifter might attempt to get rid of the copper foil knowing that he may be prosecuted for being “equipped to steal.”
Many shoplifters combine this with the walk out technique.
Coupon returns
One of the more common scams involves returning items that were paid for partially with coupons. Some stores refund the entire item amount, including the amount discounted by coupons. Shoplifters involved in this scam often shop at multiple stores, and have family members return items so that no suspicion is aroused.
Defective software scam
A person buys a piece of software from a computer store, exits, opens the software, and records serial number/CD key for single license of the software purchased. After at least a few hours the same person re-enters the store where he bought the software and complains to customer service that the installation disc is defective. Most computer store policies allow same-item exchange for opened computer software, so the person is given a different copy of the same software. The scammer now has two licenses after only paying for one.
Demagnetise in store
Stock that has an acousto-magnetic tag on it (mostly DVDs and CDs) isdemagnetised in the store by the shoplifter so that it will not set off an alarm on leaving. The shoplifter will place a very small but powerful neodymium magnet (power N48 or higher) on the acousto-magnetic tag, put the item down, wait for about a minute to ensure demagnetisation and then walk out with the item. This technique is used with cheaper CDs and DVDs as Blu ray discs and higher value merchandise may have hidden tags.
Distraction
A group of two or more will enter a store and try to distract as many employees as they can. Generally amateurs, they engage sales employees and security guards in different ways to keep them occupied. They are persistent and will take all the time they need. One or more will ask for help while another will be near the items of choice. The accomplice nearest the merchandise will await a perceived safe time to steal.
Double cart
Two shoplifters are usually involved with this scam. They fill two carts with goods and approach the checkout. They load the checkout with the high value goods first. The cashier scans the items and removes the security tags. One of the shoplifters bags the items and places them back into the now empty first trolley. As the second trolley is being scanned the first shoplifter leaves with the first trolley while the second shoplifter stays at the checkout. The remaining goods are scanned and the cashier awaits payment. The second shoplifter excuses himself to go and get a forgotten wallet, and leaves the remaining goods at the checkout. Meanwhile, the first shoplifter has had time to load the high value goods into a vehicle.
Fake returns
The shoplifter picks up an item from the selling floor and tries to receive money for it at the return station. Typically the shoplifter will state that he lost his receipt. He may threaten the cashier in wanting to talk to the employee’s supervisor and to avoid confrontation the cashier will ring up the return and give the shoplifter the value of the merchandise. (See refund theft.)
False alarm scam
The shoplifter places a tagged item into a legitimate shopper’s bag, and waits for him to exit the store. As soon as the alarm goes off the shoplifter has time to leave with his stolen goods.
Fitting room bagging
Typically this scam is seen in large clothing retailers. This scam generally preys upon the common Loss Prevention policy of prohibiting the apprehension of shoplifters when the act of concealment is not actually witnessed by an investigator. The shoplifter enters a retail establishment with a large bag, and then selects a large amount of merchandise and takes it to a fitting room. Once inside, the shoplifter conceals the merchandise in the bag out of sight of store employees and store investigators. In addition, it is common to leave clothes in the dressing room that one does not wish to purchase. This technique is not effective where dressing room supervision includes the checking in and out of clothes by number of items.
A very effective method is to go into store with a bag, and within the bag have the bag of the store inside it, for example, hiding a Topman bag in the plain bag. Go to changing rooms with desired items, remove tags with chosen method (professionals have detachers used by cashiers), put detagged clothing in the shop’s bag, put plain bag inside the shop’s bag so its hidden. Leave store. This technique requires you to buy a piece of clothing inside the store beforehand so you have a bag with their name on it.
Alternatively, detach tags in changing room and walk out with item underneath your clothes.
Grab and run
A common shoplifting technique is known by the Loss Prevention community as a grab and run. A shoplifter enters a retail establishment usually with prior knowledge of what he is looking for and moves very quickly toward the merchandise he or she wishes to steal. Once the shoplifter has found the merchandise, he or she proceeds toward the nearest store exit, usually while walking. Due to the short amount of time that the shoplifter is inside the store, persons who attempt this scam are seldom caught or, in some cases, even detected.
Less common is for a group of people to rush into a store, grab as much merchandise as possible, and then rush out. The speed at which this happens as well as the large number of people involved make this approach difficult to stop.
Half technique
The shoplifter walks into the store and takes two of the desired soft light items (like underwear), then opens a bag to make it appear as though he is getting money out to pay for the item; instead he drops one of the items into the bag, and puts the second item back to suggest a change of mind.
Jewellery in the pocket
A variation of the half technique is for the shoplifter to hide a small item of jewellery in a trouser or jacket pocket and either pay for the item of clothing or proceed to the changing room where, out of the eyes of the cameras, the piece of jewellery is transferred to a bag or pocket being worn.
Metal-lined clothing or containers
Metal-lined sacks, containers, or clothing (such as aluminum foil-lined undergarments) allow a person to shield the RFID tags attached to merchandise concealed on his person from the scanners at the door of a store (see Faraday cage). 2001 Colorado House Bill 01-1221 made it a misdemeanor to possess, use, or know about and fail to report others who possess RFID shielding devices with intent to foil anti-shoplifting devices.
Milkshake subterfuge
A less common shoplifting technique used for smaller high-dollar items is the milkshake subterfuge. A milkshake is purchased by the shoplifter and taken into the store. The shoplifter proceeds to drop small heavy items like jewelry into the milkshake. On leaving the store the milkshake is unlikely to be searched. A similar method is implemented using a packet of chips to shield RFID signals so the sensor won’t go off. This doesn’t work though.
Newspapering
This requires the shoplifter to have a newspaper, enter a small scale retail bakery and put a sandwich in the newspaper and walk out. This is potentially very effective as most bakeries do not have CCTV and are not expecting to be shoplifted. Walking into a music store or entertainment store with a newspaper instantly raises suspicions and is not done by professional shoplifters.
‘Not’ Shoplifting
In a country where you can conceal an item and not be charged (unlike in America where concealing an item is a crime) a shoplifter might wait until the CCTV is on him and make it obvious he is, for example, putting several chocolate bars in his pocket. Since he knows the CCTV will continue to be trained on him he may walk around the store for a little while before putting the chocolate back but he will hold back one chocolate bar. This technique is generally considered very high risk and is rarely done.
Alternatively, a person may conceal something like Playboy magazines or purple dildoes and their excuse may be that they were too embarrassed to pay for it. If caught, this may be offered as an excuse in order to receive a lighter punishment.
Opening the item
The shoplifter gets a small valuable item, quickly puts it in a pocket, so that CCTV cameras and store staff don’t notice. Then the shoplifter goes to the public toilet, opens up the item, and flushes the wrapping down the toilet. The shoplifter is sure to unwrap the item so that alarms will not go off when he or she leaves the premises which he does by simply walking out of the store with the concealed item. To combat this, many stores have policies barring unpaid merchandise from being taken into restroom facilities. Some stores even place alarms at the bathroom entrance to further prevent items from being taken in.
At a supermarket bakery a person may pick up a doughnut or biscuit, possibly by opening a packet, and eat it in the store while walking. Other customers might think that he walked in with it. It may be done with any item that can be eaten or drunk easily such as a bottle of water. It may also be an item in a grocery store which is consumed while browsing. An empty can can be discarded on any shelf in the store.
Alternatively, with DVDs or other disc type merchandise, the shoplifter picks up the item and walks away to look for additional merchandise. Elsewhere the shoplifter very precisely cuts a slit in the cellophane wrapping at the case opening. Using a plastic knife (most commonly, but it can be anything rigid and flat that will do little damage to the disc, such as a popsicle stick) the shoplifter pops the disc from the internal clasp and slides the DVD out from within the case. He then discards the item’s case in the store and exits with the disc hidden. Often this is not discovered until the item is purchased and opened legally.
Out the wrong door
This method requires a common outside door with two diverging doors from the vestibule: one for an entrance (which is not usually supervised) and one for an exit. Two people enter the store. One person retrieves merchandise from the selling floor. When this person is ready to leave the store, he waits at the entrance door. The other person walks around to the exit, walks into the vestibule and activates the entrance door on the way out, and the person with the merchandise also leaves. Sometimes the second person will just distract the cashiers while the person with the merchandise waits for some unknowing customer to enter the store and activate the entrance door.
Another variation is to exit through a fire door. Although these are alarmed, by the time staff respond, the shoplifter will be long gone. Many stores now have fire exit doors that operate with a delay—the alarm is set off several seconds before the door can be opened.
‘Pickpocket’
Two shoplifting accomplices will enter a store. The first shoplifter will pick up, for example, two small chocolate bars. With the chocolate in his hand, he will ‘pickpocket’ his accomplice, but in actuality drop the chocolate in his pocket. When the accomplice tries to leave, he will say that he never knew what happened or that he knew the accomplice.
Alternatively, the accomplice who does the pickpocketing will, as seen on the CCTV, actually put the chocolate in the accomplice’s pocket and pull out a wallet. This technique from a pickpocket perspective is known as the phantom wallet, so that when the pickpocket’s victim touches where his wallet should be he feels something, and assumes it is his wallet.
CCTV operators who have knowledge of pickpockets will assume that the phantom wallet technique is being used.Video
A shoplifter who works alone will put the product into the bag or shopping trolley of a person he doesn’t know, and when the stranger leaves the store with it or actually buys the product, the shoplifter will approach the person outside, directly or indirectly.
Power failure
In the event of a power failure where all lighting and CCTV goes out, the shoplifter quickly grabs as much merchandise as possible and calmly leaves the establishment before power is restored. Some stores have their security equipment on battery backup, however.
Razor finger
This technique involves using a razor blade to remove or destroy security tags on merchandise. The razor blade is taped onto the fingers with medical tape to give the appearance of an injury. The blade is then used to cut off or destroy the security tags. This technique was used in the book Evasion.
Receipt matching
The receipt matching scam involves using receipts to match merchandise codes on the receipt to items found in a store. Most retailers use company-specific merchandise codes on their merchandise so store personnel can identify the location more quickly and efficiently. Additionally the merchandise is used to verify merchandise that was purchased at a particular retailer during a return. This information is printed onto the receipts of purchased merchandise.
Typically, shoplifters will search the retailer’s parking lot or trashcans looking for a receipt that has a high dollar item on it. The shoplifter then enters the store and compares the code on the receipt to the code printed on the relevant store merchandise. Once the shoplifter finds a match he will take the merchandise to the return area and receive money for it. Typically, to avoid detection, shoplifters will use a piece of paper with the merchandise code they are looking for written on it.
Another variation is to purchase the target item, then leave the store, and send an accomplice in with the receipt to obtain the same item. The accomplice can either return the item right away for cash, or leave the store with a second targeted item.
Receipt passing
A person walks into a retail store and buys a high-value item, such as an iPod. On the way out he gives the receipt to his accomplice who enters the store, receipt in hand, picks up the same high-value item and a low-value accessory. At the checkout he shows the receipt to the cashier explaining he already bought the item, but walked back to buy the accessory. The accessory is then purchased. This method is combatted by having merchandise locked.
Receipt-less returns
This method is typically used when the thief desires money as opposed to merchandise. The shoplifter steals an item of their choice, using the method of their choice. He then damages the item. This can be done by making a hole in a cloth-like item, breaking the chain of a necklace, tearing the sole from a shoe, snapping something plastic, or using any other damaging method specific to the item type. The damaged item is then taken back to the store. The thief is normally given a refund without question as it is the law in many countries (such as the UK and US) that faulty items must be refunded.
Rope and fenceline
In large retail stores that have open garden areas, two shoplifters will attempt to steal merchandise in this manner: one shoplifter will wait outside, while the shoplifter inside will take a cart full of merchandise to the garden center. The shoplifter inside will then tie the merchandise to a rope, and throw the rope over the fenceline, and the shoplifter waiting on the other side will untie it and take the merchandise.
Self-checkout scam
At some larger retailers customers have the option of using self-checkout lanes, in which customers do not interact with employees at all when making purchases but check themselves out at a computer. Customers are expected to scan the items that they wish to purchase, insert payment for the scanned items, then bag the items and leave the store. Shoplifters have been known to purchase small items with these machines, and place additional items in their bags without paying for them. A UPC for a small inexpensive item may be keyed in after placing a pack of cigarettes on the weighted scanner. Many shoplifters intentionally act slightly confused when using these machines, and act as though they are attempting to scan the item which they wish to steal, so that, if confronted, they can claim that they took the additional items by mistake.
The majority of self-checkout machines have scales under the shopping bags (where the items are placed after scanning). The scale checks that the weight of the scanned items is the same as reaches the bags. If there is a discrepancy, the supervising attendant is signaled to come to the station for assistance.
Shoe-switching
This scam involves footwear at major shoe stores or department stores. On finding the desired pair of shoes, the shoplifter asks the salesperson to retrieve the required size shoe from the stockroom. After trying on the shoe which the shoplifter wishes to wear out of the store, the salesperson is sent to retrieve a new size and the thief states that he will do a size comparison in which the shoplifter’s own shoes are then left with him. Once the store associate is sent back to the stockroom, the shoplifter simply walks out with the new pair of shoes leaving the old pair in the box. Store associates assume that they must have had a change of mind and discovery is usually made when the same pair of shoes is summoned by a new customer. If seen by other store associates or door/greeting associates, the shoplifter explains that wearing the new shoe immediately is preferred.
Shoe Box switching
A shoplifter walks into a shoe store and finds an expensive pair of shoes. The shoplifter wears the expensive shoes. Old shoes in hand, the shoplifter finds a cheap shoe box and places his old shoes in it. At the cash register, the cashier, having been told that the new shoes are being worn, scans the box.
Shopping cart magic
Shopping cart tricks are often disregarded by Loss Prevention personnel. Typically, older or professional shoplifters usually attempt this scam. The scam works in the following way: when the shoplifter first enters the store, he locates an empty shopping cart. The required item is typically placed on the bottom or under the baby seat. The shoplifter then finds a few inexpensive items and places them in the shopping cart. At the till he removes all the merchandise with the exception of the item he wishes to steal. This item may well be overlooked by the cashier.
Shopping cart passing
Shopping cart passing is usually attempted by a pair of shoplifters. The first shoplifter will gather the desired merchandise into a shopping cart and take it to the register. The cashier will then ring up all the merchandise and place it in bags. Once the total is rung up, the first shoplifter states that they forgot their wallet in their car. The first shoplifter will then exit the store and most cashiers will put the shopping cart off to the side and resume ringing up customers. At this point, the second shoplifter moves in and grabs the cart and walks out of the store with the stolen merchandise in bags.
Stealing CD/DVD keys/serials
Many people download full version games or software from the internet but cannot use it to the full extent without a valid license. There are three main ways of stealing CD keys; 1.Copying the serial using a cell phone or pen and paper. 2.Taking a photograph of the serial using a cell phone or camera(cell phone is more commonly used). 3.Concealing the serial with a brochure, catalogue or pocket. If spotted, suspect will be prosecuted for criminal damage for opening the cellophane.
Wal-Mart TV theft
A shoplifter fills a cart with about two weeks’ worth of groceries and a DVD and pays for them at the register. In the meantime an accomplice approaches the store’s door with a TV. The two meet up at the doors and pass through simultaneously, with the TV on the far side of the associate/greeter. As they pass through the doors the TV will set off the alarm. When the greeter asks the shoplifter carrying groceries to show his receipt, he claims that the DVD in the cart set off the alarm. The person carrying the TV will be outside waiting for the person with the grocery cart at the getaway vehicle.
Walk out technique
The walk out technique is the process of browsing the store, collecting the target items, and simply walking out of the store with items in hand. This seemingly impractical idea can potentially be very effective if the shoplifter’s appearance and attitude are not of a suspicious nature. This tactic is usually limited to stealing small amounts of clothing and is generally only done in large department stores that have multiple entrances. If an alarm sounds, the shoplifter will continue to walk calmly. Also see ‘Grab and Run.’ Another technique is to wait for security to leave the main doors, and then to walk out with the item. However many CCTV cameras instantly move to the door when an alarm sounds, so the shoplifter’s face will be on CCTV. If the person is spotted on a subsequent visit, he may not be arrested for the earlier shoplift as most Loss Prevention officers only arrest people for on-the-spot shoplifting.
A variation of this scam is to select a store where customer service is close to the main cashiers’ row. After selecting an item to be stolen, the individual removes all tags and major packaging and proceeds to customer service where he will attempt to return the item without a receipt. If a refund is refused then the individual will simply leave the store and if stopped claim he had tried to return the item without a receipt. CCTV may spot the shoplifter removing the packaging.
Alternatively, a shoplifter may pick up an item of clothing (usually a jacket) and just walk out of the store. This is very effective for clothes where the items have tags on them that are very easy to remove.









